SciKind Resources

Resources

Bedari Kindness Institute, UCLA 

Ben’s Bells Project. Bensbells.org 

Beryl Institute. (2023). Defining patient and human experience. The Beryl Institute. https://berylinstitute.org 

Center for Character & Citizenship. (University of Missouri-St. Louis—College of Education). www.characterandcitizenship.org 

Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education (Stanford School of Medicine). www.ccare.stanford.edu 

Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin. https://centerhealthyminds.org/ 

Greater Good: Science of a Meaningful Life. https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/ 

Healthy People 2020. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/ 

Kindness UK. https://kindnessuk.com/ 

Making Caring Common Project. (Harvard University, Graduate School of Education). http://mcc.gse.harvard.edu/ 

National School Climate Center. (n.d.). School Climate section. https://schoolclimate.org/school-climate/ 

Aarons, G.A., Wells, R.S., Zagursky, K., Fettes, D.L., & Palinkas, L.A. (2009). Implementing evidence-based practice in  community mental health agencies: A multiple stakeholder analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 99(11), 2087–2095. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.161711 

Birken, S.A., Rohweder, C.L., Powell, B.J., Shea, C.M., Scott, J., Leeman, J., ... & Presseau, J. (2018). T-CaST: An implementation theory comparison and selection tool. Implementation Science, 13, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-018-0836-4 

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32(7), 513–531. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.32.7.513 

Gitlin, L.N. (2013). Introducing a new intervention: An overview of research phases and common challenges. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 67(2), 177–184. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2013.006742 

Golden, S., & Earp, J. (2012). Social ecological approaches to individuals and their contexts: Twenty years of health education and behavior health promotion interventions. Health Education & Behavior, 39(3), 364–372. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198111418634 

McLeroy, K., Bibeau, D., Steckler, A., & Glanz, K. (1988). An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Education Quarterly, 15(4), 351–377. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818801500401 

Sallis, J. (2018). Needs and challenges related to multilevel interventions: Physical activity examples. Health Education and Behavior, 45(5), 661–667. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198118796458 

Kane, M., & Rosas, S. (2018). Conversations about group concept mapping: Applications, examples, and enhancements. Sage. 

Kane, M., & Trochim, W.M. (2007). Concept mapping for planning and evaluation, Vol. 50, Sage. 

Rising, K.L., LaNoue, M., Gentsch, A.T., Doty, A.M., Cunningham, A., Carr, B.G., ... & Mills, G. (2019). The power of the group: Comparison of interviews and group concept mapping for identifying patient-important outcomes of care. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 19, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0656-x 

Rosas, S.R., & Camphausen, L.C. (2007). The use of concept mapping for scale development and validation in evaluation. Evaluation and Program Planning, 30(2), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2007.01.003 

Rosas, S.R., & Kane, M. (2012). Quality and rigor of the concept mapping methodology: A pooled study analysis. Evaluation and program planning, 35(2), 236–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2011.10.003 

Trochim, W.M., Milstein, B., Wood, B.J., Jackson, S., & Pressler, V. (2004). Setting objectives for community and systems change: An application of concept mapping for planning a statewide health improvement initiative. Health promotion practice, 5(1), 8–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839903258020 

Westergren, A., Edfors, E., Norberg, E., Stubbendorff, A., Hedin, G., Wetterstrand, M., ... & Hagell, P. (2018). Computer-based training in eating and nutrition facilitates person-centered hospital care: A group concept mapping study. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 36(4), 199–207. http://doi.org/10.1097/CIN.0000000000000416 

Yonas, M., Zuberi, A., Kasunic, A., Bamwine, P., Boddie, S., Tharp-Gilliam, S., ... Wallace, J. (2017). Using concept mapping to explore and engage parent and youth residents of an economically underserved minority community around children's asthma. Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action 11(4), 333–345. https://doi.org/10.1353/cpr.2017.0041 

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T 

Ajzen, I., & Albarracín, D. (2007). Predicting and changing behavior: A reasoned action approach. In I. Ajzen, D. Albarracín, & R. Hornik (Eds.), Prediction and change of health behavior: Applying the reasoned action approach (pp. 3–21). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 

Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Prentice-Hall. 

Armitage, C. (2005). Can the theory of planned behavior predict the maintenance of physical activity? Health Psychology, 24(3), 235–245. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.3.235 

Armitage, C., & Connor, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behavior: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 471-499.  

Bem, D. J., & Allen, A. (1974). On predicting some of the people some of the time: The search for cross-situational consistencies in behavior. Psychological review, 81(6), 506.  https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037130 

Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2010). Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach. Psychology Press. 

Jimmieson, N., Peach, M., & White, K. (2008). Utilizing the theory of planned behavior to inform change management: An investigation of employee intentions to support organizational change. Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences, 44(2), 237–262. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886307312773 

Lueck, J., & Spiers, A. (2020). Which beliefs predict intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19? A mixed-methods reasoned action approach applied to health communication. Journal of Health Communication, 25(10), 790–798. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2020.1865488 

Lukacena, K., Reynolds-Tylus, T., & Quick, B. (2019). An application of the reasoned action approach to bystander intervention for sexual assault. Health Communication, 34(1), 46–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2017.1384356 

McEachan, R., Taylor, N., Harrison, R., Lawton, R., Gardner, P., & Conner, M. (2016). Meta-analysis of the reasoned action approach (RAA) to understanding health behaviors. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 50(4), 592–612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-016-9798-4  

Middlestadt, S. (2007). What is the behavior? Strategies for selecting the behavior to be addressed by health promotion interventions. In I. Ajzen, D. Albarracín, & R. Hornik (Eds.), Prediction and change of health behavior (pp. 129–147). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 

Smith J., Terry, D., Manstead, A., Louis, W., Kotterman, D., & Wolfs, J. (2008). The attitude-behavior relationship in consumer conduct: The role of norms, past behavior, and self-identity. The Journal of Social Psychology, 148(3), 311–333. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.148.3.311-334 

Steinmetz, H., Knappstein, M., Ajzen, I., Schmidt, P., & Kabst, R. (2016). How effective are behavior change interventions based on the theory of planned behavior? Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 224(3). https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000255 

Yzer, M. C. (2013). Reasoned action theory. In J. P. Dillard & L. Shen (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of persuasion: Developments in theory and practice (2nd ed., pp. 120–136). Sage. 

Yzer, M., Weisman, S., Mejia, N., Hennrikus, D., Choi, K., & DeSimone, S. (2015). Informing tobacco cessation benefit use interventions for unionized blue-collar workers: A mixed methods reasoned action approach. Prevention Science, 16(6), 811–821. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-015-0566-7 

Aknin, L.B., Dunn, E.W., & Norton, M.I. (2012). Happiness runs in a circular motion: Evidence for a positive feedback loop between prosocial spending and happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13, 347–355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-011-9267-5  

Allen, M. (2022). Kindness as an imperative. In Kindness in management and organizational studies (pp. 59–74). Emerald Publishing Limited. 

Axelrod, R. (1984). The evolution of cooperation. Basic Books. 

Ballatt, J., Campling, P., & Maloney, C. (2020). Intelligent kindness: Rehabilitating the welfare state. Cambridge University Press. 

Balliet, D., Wu, J., & De Dreu, C. K.W. (2014). Ingroup favoritism in cooperation: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 140(6), 1556–1581. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0037737 

Barclay, P. (2011). The evolution of charitable behaviour and the power of reputation. In S. C. Roberts (Ed.). Applied evolutionary psychology. Oxford University Press. 

Barsade, S.G., & O’Neill, O.A. (2014). What’s love got to do with it? A longitudinal study of the culture of compassionate love and employee and client outcomes in the long-term care setting. Administrative Science Quarterly, 59, 551–598. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839214538636 

Baumeister, R., & Leary, M. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497-529.  

Baumsteiger, R., & Siegel, J. T. (2018). Measuring prosociality: The development of a prosocial behavioral intentions scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 101(3), 305–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2017.1411918 

Bezrukova, K., Spell, C., Perry, J., & Jehn, K. (2016). A meta-analytical integration of over 40 years of research on diversity training evaluation. Psychological Bulletin, 142, 1227–1274. https://doi.org /10.1037/bul0000067 

Bierhoff, H. W. (2005). The psychology of compassion and prosocial behaviour. In P. Gilbert (Ed.), Compassion: Conceptualisations, research and use in psychotherapy (pp. 148–167). Routledge. 

Binfet, J.T., & Gaertner, A. (2015). Children’s conceptualizations of kindness at school. Canadian Children, 40(3), 27–40. 

Boissy, A., & Gilligan, T. (2016). Communication the Cleveland Clinic way: How to drive a relationship-centered strategy for superior patient experience. McGraw Hill Education. 

Bonvicini, K.A., Perlin, M.J., Bylund, C.L., Carroll, G., Rouse, R.A., & Goldstein, M.G. (2009). Impact of communication training on physician expression of empathy in patient encounters. Patient education and counseling, 75(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2008.09.007 

Boos, M., Kolbe, M., Kappeler, P. M., & Ellwart, T. (Eds.). (2011). Coordination in human and primate groups. Springer. 

Bowling, N.A., Beehr, T.A., Swader, W.M. (2005). Giving and receiving social support at work: The roles of personality and reciprocity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(3), 476–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.08.004 

Brown, S.L., & Brown, R.M. (2015). Connecting prosocial behavior to improved physical health: Contributions from the neurobiology of parenting. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 55, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.04.004 

Cacioppo, J., & Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. W.W. Norton. 

Caldwell, C. (2017). Understanding kindness–A moral duty of human resource leaders. The Journal of Values-Based Leadership, 10(2), 8. https://doi.org/10.22543/0733.102.1188 

Campling, P. (2015). Reforming the culture of healthcare: The case for intelligent kindness. BJPsych Bulletin, 39(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.114.047449 

Canter, D., Youngs, D., & Yaneva, M. (2017). Towards a measure of kindness: An exploration of a neglected interpersonal trait. Personality and Individual Differences, 106, 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.019 

Cargile, A., & Giles, H. (1996). Intercultural communication training: Review, critique, and a new theoretical framework. Annals of the International Communication Association, 19:1, 385–404, https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.1996.11678936 

Carr, D.C., Kail, B.L., Matz-Costa, C., & Shavit, Y.Z. (2018). Does becoming a volunteer attenuate loneliness among recently widowed older adults? Journal of Gerontology, 73(3), 501–510. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx092 

Cech, E.A., & O’Connor, L.T. (2017). ‘Like second-hand smoke’: The toxic effect of workplace flexibility bias for workers’ health. Community, Work & Family, 20(5), 543–572. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2017.1371673 

Chancellor, J., Margolis, S., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2018). The propagation of everyday prosociality in the workplace. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(3), 271–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1257055 

Clegg, S., & Rowland, S. (2010). Kindness in pedagogical practice and academic life. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 31(6), 719–735. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2010.515102 

Cochrane, B., Ritchie, D., Lockhard, D., Picciano, G., King, J., & Nelson, B. (2019). A culture of compassion: How timeless principles of kindness and empathy become powerful tools for confronting today’s most pressing healthcare challenges. Healthcare Management Forum, 32(3), 120–127. https://doi.org /10.1177/0840470419836240 

Cohen, S., & Wills, T.A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310–357. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310  

Coller, K.E. (2022). Choosing kindness: Finding kindness in management and organization studies. In Kindness in Management and Organizational Studies (pp. 13–27). Emerald Publishing Limited. 

Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (2005). Neurocognitive adaptations designed for social exchange. In D. M. Buss (Ed.). The handbook of evolutionary psychology (pp. 584–627). Wiley. 

Curry, O.S., Rowland, L.A., Van Lissa, C.J., Zlotowitz, S., McAlaney, J., & Whitehouse, H. (2018). Happy to help? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of performing acts of kindness on the well-being of the actor. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 76, 320–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.02.014 

Davis, L. (2013). Dignity health survey finds majority of Americans rate kindness as top factor in quality health care. News release, November 13, 2013. 

Delton, A.W., Krasnow, M.M., Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (2011). Evolution of direct reciprocity under uncertainty can explain human generosity in one-shot encounters. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(32), 13335–13340. http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1102131108 

Dreachslin, J., Gilbert, M., & Malone, B. (2012). Diversity and cultural competence in health care: A systems approach. John Wiley & Sons. 

Egbert, L. D., Battit, G. E., Welch, C. E., & Bartlett, M. K. (1964). Reduction of postoperative pain by encouragement and instruction of patients: A study of doctor-patient rapport. New England Journal of Medicine, 270, 825–827. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM196404162701606  

Eisenberg, N. (1986). Altruistic emotion, cognition and behavior. Erlbaum. 

Eisenberg, N. (2006). Empathy‐related responding and prosocial behaviour. In Empathy and fairness: Novartis Foundation Symposium 278 (pp. 71–88). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 

Eisenberg, N., VanSchyndel, S. K., & Spinrad, T. L. (2016). Prosocial motivation: Inferences from an opaque body of work. Child Development, 87(6), 1668–1678. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12638 

Eisenberger, N.I., & Cole, S.W. (2012). Social neuroscience and health: Neurophysiological mechanisms linking social ties with physical health. Nature Neuroscience, 15, 669–674. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3086 

Epstein, R., & Street Jr., R. (2007). Patient-centered communication in cancer care: Promoting healing and reducing suffering. National Cancer Institute, 7, 6225. https://doi.org/10.1037/e481972008-001 

Faust, H. (2009). Kindness, not compassion, in healthcare. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 18(3), 287–299. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180109090458 

Fritz, M., Walsh, L., Cole, S., Epel, E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2021). Kindness and cellular aging: A pre-registered experiment testing the effects of prosocial behavior on telomere length and well-being. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity – Health, 11, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100187 

Fryburg, D.A. (2022). Kindness as a stress reduction-health promotion intervention: A review of the psychobiology of caring. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 16, 89–100. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827620988268 

Funder, D.C. (2008). Persons, situations, and person-situation interactions. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 568–580). The Guilford Press. 

Gallois, C., Watson, B., & Giles, H. (2018). Intergroup communication: Identities and effective interactions. Journal of Communication, 68, 309–317. https://doi:10.1093/joc/jqx016 

Garcia, C.d.L., Abreu, L.C.d., Ramos, J.L.S., Castro, C.F.D.d, Smiderle, F.R.N., Santos, J.A.d., Bezerra, IMP. (2019). Influence of burnout on patient safety: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicina, 55, 553. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090553 

Gibb, S., & Rahman, S. (2018). Kindness among colleagues; identifying and exploring the gaps in employment contexts. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 27(3), 582–595. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-02-2018-1357 

Gilbert, P. (2017). Compassion: Definitions and controversies. In P. Gilbert (Ed.), Compassion: Concepts, research and applications (pp. 3–15). Routledge. 

Gintis, H., Smith, E.A., & Bowles, S. (2001). Costly signaling and cooperation. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 213, 103–119. http://doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.2001.2406 

Goetz, J.L., Keltner, D., & Simon-Thomas, E. (2010). Compassion: An evolutionary analysis and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 136(3), 351. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0018807 

Graziano, W.G., Habashi, M.M., Sheese, B.E., & Tobin, R.M. (2007). Agreeableness, empathy, and helping: A person × situation perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(4), 583–599. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.93.4.583 

Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.). (1986). Intergroup communication. Edward Arnold.  

Hake, A., & Post, S. (2023). Kindness: Definitions and a pilot study for the development of a kindness scale in healthcare. PLoS ONE, 18(7), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288766 

Hamilton, W.D. (1964). The genetical evolution of social behaviour. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7(1–16), 17–52. http://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(64)90039-6 

Hamlin, J.K., Wynn, K., & Bloom, P. (2007). Social evaluation by preverbal infants. Nature, 450(7169), 557–559. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06288 

Hammerstein, P. (Ed.). (2003). Genetic and cultural evolution of cooperation. MIT Press. 

Hamrick, W. (2002). Kindness and the good society: Connections of the heart. State University of New York Press. 

Harcourt, A., & Waal, F.B.M. (1992). In A. Harcourt (Ed.). Coalitions and alliances in humans and other animals. Oxford University Press. 

Harding K. (2019). The rabbit effect: Live longer, happier, and healthier with the groundbreaking science of kindness. Atria Books. 

Hardy, C.L., & Van Vugt, M. (2006). Nice guys finish first: The competitive altruism hypothesis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(10), 1402–1413. http://doi.org/10.1177/0146167206291006 

Hardy, C.W., & Briffa, M. (Eds.). (2013). Animal contests. Cambridge University Press. 

Hart, R., & Hart, D. (2023). Untying the text: Organizational prosociality and kindness. Behavioral Science, 13, 186. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020186 

Haskins, G., Thomas, M., & Johri, L. (Eds.). (2018). Kindness in leadership. Routledge. 

Hewett, D., Watson, B., Gallois, C., Ward, M., & Leggett, B. (2009). Intergroup communication between hospital doctors: Implications for quality of patient care. Social Science & Medicine, 69, 1732–1740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.048 

Holt-Lunstad, J. (2018). The potential public health relevance of social isolation and loneliness: Prevalence, epidemiology, and risk factors. Public Policy & Aging Report, 27(4), 127–130. https://doi.org/10.1093/ppar/prx030 

Isaac, L. (2012). Defining health and health care disparities and examining disparities across the life span. In T. LaVeist & L. Isaac (Eds.), Race, ethnicity, and health: A public health reader (2nd ed., pp. 11–34). Jossey-Bass. 

Johnson, M.T., Fratantoni, J.M., Tate, K., & Moran, A.S. (2022). Parenting with a kind mind: Exploring kindness as a potentiator for enhanced brain health. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.805748 

Kalinoski, Z., Steele-Johnson, D., Peyton, E., Leas, K., Steinke, J., & Bowling, N. (2013). A meta-analytic evaluation of diversity training outcomes. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34, 1076–1104. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1839 

Kaplan, D., deBlois, M., Dominguez, V., & Walsh, M. (2016). Studying the teaching of kindness: A conceptual model for evaluating kindness education programs in schools. Evaluation and Program Planning, 58, 160–170. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2016.06.001 

Katz, D. (1964). The motivational basis of organizational behavior. Behavioral science, 9(2), 131–146. https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830090206 

Keltner, D., Kogan, A., Piff, P.K., & Saturn, S.R. (2014). The sociocultural appraisals, values, and emotions (SAVE) framework of prosociality: Core processes from gene to meme. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 425–460. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurevpsych-010213-115054 

Kerr, S.L., O’Donovan, A., & Pepping, C.A. (2015). Can gratitude and kindness interventions enhance well-being in a clinical sample? Journal of Happiness Studies, 16, 17–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9492-1 

Knafo, A., & Israel, S. (2012). Empathy, prosocial behavior, and other aspects of kindness. Handbook of temperament, 168–179. 

Kraft-Todd, G., Yoeli, E., Bhanot, S., & Rand, D. (2015). Promoting cooperation in the field. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 3, 96–101. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.02.006 

Krasnow, M.M., Delton, A.W., Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (2013). Meeting now suggests we will meet again: Implications for debates on the evolution of cooperation. Scientific Reports, 3. http://doi.org/10.1038/srep01747 

Kurtz, S.M., Silverman, J., & Draper, J. (2005). Teaching and learning communication skills in medicine. Radcliffe. 

Latane, B., & Darley, J.M. (1968). Group inhibition of bystander intervention in emergencies. Journal of personality and social psychology, 10(3), 215. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0026570 

Layous, K., Nelson, S.K., Kurtz, J.L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2017). What triggers prosocial effort? A positive feedback loop between positive activities, kindness, and wellbeing. Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(4), 385–398. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1198924 

Layous, K., Nelson, S.K., Oberle, E., Schonert-Reichl, K.A., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2012). Kindness counts: Prompting prosocial behavior in preadolescents boosts peer acceptance and well-being. PloS one, 7(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051380 

Lieberman, D., Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (2007). The architecture of human kin detection. Nature, 445(7129), 727–731. http://doi.org/10.1038/Nature05510 

Long, N.J. (1997). The therapeutic power of kindness. Reclaiming Children and Youth: Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Problems, 5(4), 242–46. 

Lown, B.A., Rosen, J., & Marttila, J. (2011). An agenda for improving compassionate care: A survey shows about half of patients say such care is missing. Health Affairs, 30(9), 1772–1778. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0539  

Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological bulletin, 131(6), 803. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803 

Maglalang, D., Katigbak, C., Gómez, M., Sorensen, G., Hopcia, K., Hashimoto, D., Pandey, S., Takeuchi, D., & Sabbath, E. (2021). Workplace discrimination and short sleep among healthcare workers: The buffering effect of people-oriented culture. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 63, 857–864. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000002246 

Malti, T. (2021). Kindness: A perspective from developmental psychology. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18(5), 629–657. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2020.1837617 

Manary, M. P., Boulding, W., Staelin, R., & Glickman, S. W. (2013). The patient experience and health outcomes. The New England Journal of Medicine, 368(3), 201–203. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1211775 

Mateo, J.M. (2015). Perspectives: Hamilton's legacy: Mechanisms of kin recognition in humans. Ethology: formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie, 121(5), 419–427. http://doi.org/10.1111/eth.12358 

McGrath, R. (2015). Character strengths in 75 nations: An update. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10, 41–52. http://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.888580 

Murray, C., & Gill, A. (2018). Kindness in leadership in UK private and public sector organisations. In Kindness in leadership (pp. 48–66). Routledge. 

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